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Ocean Health and Climate Changing
Climate change is having a significant impact on the interaction between the ocean and atmosphere, ultimately affecting. Indonesia's strategic geographic location-at the confluence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans-makes the country vulnerable to sea level rise, increased temperatures and extreme weather events triggered by phenomena such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This climate change not only affects the migration and reproduction patterns of marine species, but also impacts the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on marine resources for survival. This book highlights the importance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and traditional conservation practices such as Sasi Laut in Maluku to support sustainable marine resource management. Marine protected areas, supported by blue economy frameworks, offer a sustainable approach to developing economies while protecting biodiversity. Marine conservation efforts also contribute to Indonesia's climate goals, including through reducing greenhouse gas emissions strored in "blue carbon" in mangrove and seagrass ecosystems. This book reviews the current state of ocean health, with a special focus on Indonesia's marine ecosystems, the impacts of climate change, and the importance of conservation efforts to preserve this critical environment. Indonesia's ocean health is crucial to environmental stability and the national economy, but is currently facing major challenges due to climate change, overfishing, pollution and habitat degradation. These challenges threaten biodiversity in marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangrove forests and seagrass beds, each of which has important roles ranging from protecting coastlines to supporting the economies of coastal communities,
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